Gavin R. Putland
In light of the recent Tax and Transfer Review by the Federal Government, lobbying interests are moving to reduce capital gains taxes.
The term “capital gain” contains a deliberate contradiction: real capital doesn’t gain.
Capital, as defined by the classical economists, is a product of human effort. Land is not; its supply is fixed. When the effective demand for land increases because population grows, or because people have more money to spend, or because public investment in infrastructure makes people willing to pay more for land in the serviced locations, there can be no compensating increase in supply; therefore, in the long term, land increases in value. But if capital increases in value for any reason, the increase induces production of more capital, which competes with the existing capital, causing values to fall again.
Therefore any gain in the value of capital is temporary; in the long term, capital depreciates due to wear-and-tear and obsolescence. An exception arises when the owners of capital are given some sort of protection from competition, like that which nature gives to the owners of land — but in that case the “capital” has been stripped of its defining economic property and has become, for economic purpose, land-like.
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